Title 4:

[Cover photograph: Luke King / Cover image: fern sculpture by Virginia King]


Contemporary Approaches to Participatory Action Research
in Aotearoa/New Zealand

by Carmel Cervin and Lewis Williams

Social and Cultural Studies 4
(July 2004)
ISSN: 1175-7132


•

Abstract:

We do not aim to provide a step-by-step guide to action research. In many respects this would be the antithesis of PAR as a process that demands from its participants ongoing critical analysis, a fine-tuned responsiveness, and ensuing fluidity in project directions. Rather we have chosen to hone in on specific themes of particular importance in our respective experiences. In doing so, we anticipate that many of these will also be significant issues for other researchers engaged in social action approaches to PAR. We also stress that each project is unique with its own sets of issues, answers and "rites of passage" for all participants as co-researchers. Accordingly, the monograph is largely structured around our individual accounts, each of which uses a number of headings to identify the themes encountered. Where the "fit" between our experiences has been sufficient we have used similar headings. In "comparing notes" which follows, we select two particular themes for discussion: cultural context and the operationalisation of PAR values, and communities' power/knowledge relationships with the Univer­sity. This dialogue makes apparent the simultaneous mutuality and diversity inherent in our experiences. The monograph concludes with a bibliography for further reading.

Notes on Contributors:

Carmel Cervin is a young, recently married Pakeha, from a family of six children and living in Auckland, New Zealand. Cannel completed her BA/BCom degree at Auckland University and then shifted to Massey University for an Honours course followed by her Doctorate in Social Policy. She has always had a strong interest in community responses to social justice issues. As well as her long term involvement with the West Auckland Women’s Centre, Homebuilders Family Support Scheme and the Auckland branch of the Autistic Association of NZ through her Doctorate, Cannel has also been active in advo­cating for improved mental health services and policies both locally in Auckland and at a national policy level. Carmel has been a member of the Consultative Group for Catholic Family and Community Services since 1995. She is a keen sailor, regularly crewing in races in the Hauraki Gulf, and continues to learn and enjoy playing the piano. Cannel is currently General Manager of Cervin Publishing, a family publishing business. Carmel can be contacted at carmel@cervinpublishing.co.nz.

Lewis Williams grew up as one of four children on Auckland's North Shore. She is of Ngai Te Rangi and Scottish descent. Lewis has had a long-standing interest in issues of self-determination. A formative period in her early working life was as a Social Worker at a psychiatric hospital in Auckland in the 19808 where she participated in establishing a Women's Centre for women Jiving in the hospital wards. Following her work as a therapist in the areas of sexual abuse and eating/body image issues, she established a community-based organization for women experiencing eating and body image issues, aimed at self-help and community action approaches. She has since worked in a range of roles and organizations, in Aotearoa/New Zealand and internationally as a practitioner, researcher and teacher in communities, health and social service organizations, local government and universities. In more recent years, Lewis' work has focused more on theorizing community empowerment, cultural evaluation and change and ecology. Lewis now lives in Saskatoon, Canada where she directs the Prairie Region Health Promotion Research Centre and Health Promotion and Community Development Programs at the University of Saskatchewan. She plans to maintain a strong focus on participatory and action methods in the work of the Centre and related programs. Lewis can be reached at lewis.williams@usask.ca.

Title 3:

[Cover photograph: Luke King / Cover image: fern sculpture by Virginia King]


Different Music, Same Dance:
Te Taou and the Treaty Claims Process

by Lily George

Introduction by Graeme MacRae

Afterword by John Paaka Edwards & Lou Paul (Paora)
on behalf of The Claims Committee Te Taou (Wai) 756

Social and Cultural Studies 3
(June 2004)
ISSN: 1175-7132


•

Abstract:

The Treaty of Waitangi Act (1975) and its Amendment (1985) heralded a process that has seen dramatic and far-reaching changes in the organisation and politics of Maori society. From less than auspicious beginnings, the Waitangi Tribunal has come to represent one of the few avenues to justice for many Maori. The Te Taou peoples of Kaipara, Mahurangi and Taranaki Makaurau regions have gained much from participating in the claims pro­cess, particularly through gathering a comprehensive history which challenges the notion that Te Taou were a hapu of the Ngati Whatua iwi. In their journey to reclaim their identity and heritage, Te Taou have become embroiled in a procedure which requires intricate steps to the retrogressive music of bureaucratic maneuvering.

Keywords: treaty claims process, Waitangi Tribunal, Crown Forestry Ren­tals Trust, Te Taou, Ngati Whatua, Maori identity, colonisation.

Notes on Contributors:

Lily George is of Te Kapotai, Ngapuhi and Pakeha descent. She is a student and more recently a teacher of social anthropology. In 2000 she worked as a consultant to the people of Te Taou, preparing evidence for their claim (Wai 756) to the Waitangi Tribunal.

Dr Graeme MacRae is a lecturer in Anthropology in the School of Social and Cultural Studies at Massey Albany.

Title 2:

[Cover photograph: Luke King / Cover image: fern sculpture by Virginia King]


Pain and the Body Politic

by Grant Duncan
with a discussion by Victoria Grace

Introduction by Eleanor Rimoldi & Jennifer Lawn

Social and Cultural Studies 2
(June 2002)
ISSN: 1175-7132



•

from the Introduction:

The therapeutic process does not begin and end with the discrete therapeutic event, and to study it in that way diminishes its character and significance as a social process. This is true first in the sense that the goals of a therapeutic system exist within a histori­cal and social context of values and necessarily have an orientation to that context. The culturally presupposed goal of therapy may be to facilitate a person's adaptation to society or, on the other hand, to criticize societal demands and motivate the person toward crea­tive personal change and social reform. In a second sense, the therapeutic process cannot be understood as bounded by the thera­peutic event precisely because it is directed at life beyond the event. If therapeutic transformation is to occur, it must occur not only in the event but in a person's life between events, as a social and experiential process. (Csordas & Kleinman, 1990, p. 25)

This second discussion paper in our Social and Cultural Studies series is a wide-ranging exploration of the nature of pain. That Grant Duncan should from the very start associate personal pain with the "body politic" is particularly relevant for New Zealand Maori: ill-health, both physical and mental, has been associated with the history of colonisation and con­tinued disadvantage in this country. That "pain" can be both socially experienced and socially "caused" is not a new concept for an anthropologist. As the above quotation from Csordas and Kleinman suggests, the "therapeutic event" - a client's consultation with a health pro­fessional, for example - ought not be analysed in isolation from the "historical and social context of values" within which pain is experienced. ...

- Eleanor Rimoldi & Jennifer Lawn

Notes on Contributors:

Dr Grant Duncan is a senior lecturer in the Social and Public Policy programmes, School of Social and Cultural Studies, Massey University (Auckland campus). His research has covered the relationship between policy institutions and the well-being of people, particularly concerning chronic pain and injury-compensation systems.

Prof Victoria Grace is a Professor of Sociology at the University of Canterbury. She has published widely on sociocultural understandings of chronic pain, particularly chronic pelvic pain in women. Her work in this field extends from empirical research on use of the health services and prevalence of chronic pelvic pain in New Zealand, to theoretical cri­tiques of problems generated by the onto-epistemological assumptions of the biomedical model and its more recent appropriation of the biopsycho­social model. Current research includes investigating "meanings" of chronic pain and associated methodological questions related to language and embodiment.

Title 1:

[Cover photograph: Luke King / Cover image: fern sculpture by Virginia King]


Negotiating the Boundaries:
The Politics of Cross-Cultural Research in the Social Sciences - A Symposium
(Massey University, Auckland Campus, 16 July 2001)

Introduction by Jennifer Lawn and Eleanor Rimoldi

Social and Cultural Studies 1
(November 2001)
ISSN: 1175-7132


•

from the Introduction:

We are delighted to open the Social and Cultural Studies monograph series with the edited transcript of a seminar convened by Associate Professor Marilyn Waring, "Mono-Bi-Multi Cultural Research: Who Should Do What and When?" Held on July 16, 2001 at massey University's Auckland campus, the seminar addressed the ethics of research with ethnic groups in New Zealand's increasingly multicultural society.

The panellists reflect on issues such as:

• Is there a place for Pakeha in research on other ethnicities?
• Who should study whom?
• What is insensitive or unsafe in research on one cultural group by another?
• How can researchers maintain integrity in their work?
• What is the role of mentors and gatekeepers?
• What counts as knowledge?
• How is "monocultural research" defined? Is there such a thing?
• Where does research go once it is finished? What measures need to be in place for implementation, ownership, follow-up?
• What happens when interest groups conflict?
• How do experienced researchers deal with passion, anxiety, desperation, paradox?

- Jennifer Lawn & Eleanor Rimoldi

Notes on Contributors:

Dr Peter Mataira is of Ngati Porou descent and has research interests in Maori development and entrepreneurship. He teaches Social and Com­munity Work Practice in the School of Social and Cultural Studies, Massey University, Auckland Campus. Peter is a Visiting Fellow to the University of Hawaii, School of Social Work, during 2002.

Pa'u Tafaogalupe Mulitalo-Lauta lectures in the Social Work programme in the School of Social and Cultural Studies, Massey University, Auckland Campus. He has worked in various government departments and was a probation officer in Mangere before becoming a lecturer in So­cial Policy and Social Work. He is the author of Fa'asamoa and Social Work within the New Zealand Context (2000), the first book to offer a view of social work in the context of the Samoan ethnic group in New Zealand.

A/Prof Rajen Prasad lectures in Social Work and Social Policy in the School of Social and Cultural Studies, Massey University, Auckland Campus. He returned to the University after a five-year term as New Zealand's Races Relations Conciliator and Human Rights Com­missioner. His professional life centers on children and families and education for the social services.

Prof Paul Spoonley is Regional Director (Auckland) for the Col­lege of Humanities and Social Sciences and a member of the School of Social and Cultural Studies. He began research with the Niuean commu­nity in the 1970s and has since been funded to work with Maori (Here­taunga) communities and Pacific peoples, alongside work on the extreme right in New Zealand.

Wong Liu Shueng is Team Leader for the Education Department at the Race Relations Office in Auckland.

Prof Marilyn Waring is internationally known for her work in political economy, and development assistance and human rights. Her book Counting for Nothing is an international best seller, and the basis of the Canadian documentary Who's Counting. She has taught at Harvard and Rutgers Universities, and delivered a number of major Memorial lectures in North America.

List of Contributors:

Social and Cultural Studies

[2001-2009]

• Prof Michael Belgrave
  [6 - Native and Māori Land Legislation (2005)]


• Tom Bennion
  [6 - Native and Māori Land Legislation (2005)]


• Julee Browning
  [7 - Blood Ties with Strangers (2007)]


• Carmel Cervin
  [4 - Participatory Action Research (2004)]


• Dr Grant Duncan
  [2 - Pain and the Body Politic (2002)]


• Martin Edmond
  [8 - To Terezín (2007)]


• Lily George
  [3 - Different Music, Same Dance (2004)]


• Prof Victoria Grace
  [2 - Pain and the Body Politic (2002)]


• Dr Jennifer Lawn
  [5 - A Third Term? (2005)]


• Dr Neil Lunt
  [5 - A Third Term? (2005)]


• Dr Graeme MacRae
  [3 - Different Music, Same Dance (2004)]


• Dr Peter Mataira
  [1 - Cross-Cultural Research (2001)]


• Rowan McCormick
  [9 - Writers of Passage (2008)]


• Pa'u Tafaogalupe Mulitalo-Lauta
  [1 - Cross-Cultural Research (2001)]


• A/Prof Mike O'Brien
  [5 - A Third Term? (2005)]


• Dr Mary Paul
  [9 - Writers of Passage (2008)]


• A/Prof Rajen Prasad
  [1 - Cross-Cultural Research (2001)]


• Dr Eleanor Rimoldi
  [9 - Writers of Passage (2008)]


• Dr Jack Ross
  [8 - To Terezín (2007)]


• Prof Paul Spoonley
  [1 - Cross-Cultural Research (2001)]


• Dr Fiona Te Momo
  [5 - A Third Term? (2005)]


• Prof Marilyn Waring
  [1 - Cross-Cultural Research (2001)]


• Lewis Williams
  [4 - Participatory Action Research (2004)]


• Wong Liu Shueng
  [1 - Cross-Cultural Research (2001)]


• Dr Grant Young
  [6 - Native and Māori Land Legislation (2005)]

List of Titles

Social and Cultural Studies

[2001-2009]

1. Peter Mataira, Pa'u Tafaogalupe Mulitalo-Lauta, Rajen Prasad, Paul Spoonley, Marilyn Waring, & Wong Liu Shueng, Cross-Cultural Research: A Symposium. Introduction by Jennifer Lawn & Eleanor Rimoldi (November 2001). viii + 44 pp. [$10.00]
• Dr Peter Mataira
• Pa'u Tafaogalupe Mulitalo-Lauta
• A/Prof Rajen Prasad
• Prof Paul Spoonley
• A/Prof Marilyn Waring
• Wong Liu Shueng
  







2. Grant Duncan, Pain and the Body Politic. Discussion by Victoria Grace. Introduction by Eleanor Rimoldi & Jennifer Lawn (June 2002). viii + 60 pp. [$10.00]
• Dr Grant Duncan
• Prof Victoria Grace







3. Lily George, Different Music, Same Dance: Te Taou and the Treaty Claims Process. Introduction by Graeme MacRae (June 2004) {reprinted December 2004, with revised genealogies}). vi + 110 pp. [$10.00]
• Lily George
• Dr Graeme MacRae







4. Carmel Cervin & Lewis Williams, Participatory Action Research in Aotearoa/NZ (July 2004). iv + 66 pp. [$10.00]
• Carmel Cervin
• Lewis Williams







5. Mike O'Brien, Jennifer Lawn, Fiona Te Momo, & Neil Lunt, A Third Term?: Evaluating the Policy Legacy of the Labour-led Government, 1999-2005 (August 2005). vi + 60 pp. [$10.00)
• Dr Jennifer Lawn
• Dr Neil Lunt
• A/Prof Mike O'Brien
• Dr Fiona Te Momo







6. Grant Young, Michael Belgrave, & Tom Bennion, Native and Māori Land Legislation in the Superior Courts, 1840-1980 (November 2005). iv + 98 pp. [$10.00)
• Prof Michael Belgrave
• Tom Bennion
• Dr Grant Young







7. Julee Browning, Blood Ties with Strangers: Navigating the Course of Adoption Reunion over the Long Term (November 2006) {June 2007}. vi + 62 pp. [$10.00)
• Julee Browning







8. Jack Ross, To Terezín: A Travelogue. Afterword by Martin Edmond (June 2007). ii + 90 pp.[$10.00]
• Martin Edmond
• Dr Jack Ross







9. Rowan McCormick, Writers of Passage. Preface by Mary Paul. Afterword by Eleanor Rimoldi (June 2008). ii + 70 pp. [$10.00]
• Rowan McCormick
• Dr Mary Paul
• Dr Eleanor Rimoldi

Notes on Formatting

Social and Cultural Studies uses the APA author-date referencing system, following the fifth edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. Submitted texts should be double-spaced in Times New Roman, with margins of at least 2.5 cm all round. For peer review purposes, the author’s name or institutional affiliation should appear only on the cover-page, not in the rest of the manuscript. We accept pieces of varying length, from articles (30-40 pages) to monographs (50-80 pages).

• Abstract: An offset abstract of not more than 100 words should be placed immediately after the title of your article. Include a list of keywords after the abstract.


• Typography: Indent paragraphs 0.5 cm (do not use a line space to indicate paragraphs). Use footnotes for supplementary notes.


• Quotations: Use double, “smart” quotation marks. Place full stops and commas within closing quotation marks. Use single quotation marks for quotations within a quotation. Three spaced ellipsis points (four after a full stop) indicate material omitted. Ellipsis points should not be used at the beginning of a quotation except where necessary to prevent misinterpretation. Square brackets indicate insertions.
  
  Use in-text parenthetical citation (i.e. do not use footnotes for references). Give author, date, and, wherever possible, page number, as in the following examples:
  
  
  • See Bekerian (1993) for further information.
  
  
  • “The goal of freewriting is not absolutely limpid fluency” (Elbow, 1998, p. 24).
  
  
  • Janet Frame describes the process of writing her autobiography as an exercise in self-legitimacy, of “making [herself] a first person” (as cited in Hawes, 1995).
  
  


• References: Use a References list for sources cited in the article. Include a separate Bibliography for sources which were significant to the research but not cited.
  

  
  Sample references list:
  
  
  Bekerian, D. A. (1993). In search of the typical eyewitness. American Psychologist, 48, 574-576.
  
  Birks, R., Eng, T., & Walchli, J. (Eds.). (1998). Landmarks: A process reader. Scarborough, Ont.: Prentice Hall.
  
  Elbow, P. (1998). Freewriting. In R. Birks, T. Eng, & J. Walchli (Eds.), Landmarks: A process reader (pp. 20-25). Scarborough, Ont.: Prentice-Hall.
  
  Hawes, T. (1995, February). The self as other/othering the self. Deep South 1.1. Retrieved October 26, 2001, from http://www.otago.ac.nz/~dsouth/hawes.htm
  
  Hunter, D., Bailey, A., & Taylor, B. (1992). The Zen of groups: A handbook for people meeting with a purpose. Auckland: Tandem.
  
  True-blue union given the boot. (1999, January 9-10). The New Zealand Herald, p. A3.